I. Core Substrate Components
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Based Panels
PVC Resin: The primary component, forming the matrix of the panel.
Plasticizers: Increase the flexibility and impact resistance of the PVC.
Stabilizers: Prevent the PVC from degrading under heat and UV exposure during processing and use.
Fillers: Primarily Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃), used to increase the panel's hardness, stiffness, and volume, while reducing cost.
Colorants: Provide color for the substrate.
SPC (Stone Plastic Composite) Based Panels
PVC Resin: Acts as the binding agent.
Fillers: A large quantity (up to 60%-80%) of Calcium Carbonate (Stone Powder). This is the source of the "stone" feel in SPC panels, giving them high density, rigidity, and dimensional stability.
Stabilizers: Ensure processing stability.
II. Decorative Layer Components
Typically a PVC or PP (Polypropylene) decorative film. This film is printed with patterns like wood grain, stone, or fabric, which determine the final appearance of the panel.
III. Wear Layer Components
Above the decorative layer, there is a transparent wear layer. This could be:
A pure PVC layer.
A UV Coating: A liquid coating cured by ultraviolet light, forming a hard protective layer. It is responsible for scratch resistance, stain resistance, and easy cleaning.
